類別

水下與海洋

參賽者

張智翔

作品名稱

海花 Sea Flowers

科學圖說 Scientific introduction

海中的花，其實是珊瑚蟲。圖1是花環肉質軟珊瑚群體上的珊瑚蟲，伸出長長的柱部，期望能捕捉到更多的食物。圖2是表孔珊瑚群體上的珊瑚蟲，綠色的共肉部分配上紅色的珊瑚蟲觸手，像極了開在草原上的紅花。圖3是擬珊瑚海葵個體上的突起，圓盤上的突起能改變水流的速度與方向，讓食物更容易被攔截。當食物顆粒碰到突起時，擬珊瑚海葵會立刻把口盤捲起來，然後分泌黏液把食物黏住，慢慢往口部運送。

---

These sea flowers are actually coral polyps. Image 1: The soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum extends long polyps to capture food. Image 2: Polyps of the coral Montipora: the red polyp tentacles extend against the green coenochyme, appearing like red flowers in a meadow. Image 3: Bumps on oral disk of the coral-like anemone (Order Corallimorpharia): The bumpy surface causes variations in water flow speed and direction, making it easier to intercept food. When food particles come in contact with the surface, the anemone curls up, and secretes mucus to trap food, which it slowly conveys towards its mouth.

類別

水下與海洋

參賽者

李坤瑄

作品名稱

勾勾纏的離別鈎 Intertangled Hooks

科學圖說 Scientific introduction

筐蛇尾屬於棘皮動物門蛇尾綱蜍蛇尾目的筐蛇尾科。牠們的腕足不同於一般的蛇尾類，具有極為複雜的樹枝狀分枝。在水中擺動時猶如蛇髮女妖的頭髮般，難以看清其體盤。在海中若嘗試用手將腕足撥開，末端分枝就會斷落並牢牢鈎在手套上。這種牢牢鈎取的棘刺感與細微構造，正是捕捉食物的本領。借助掃描式電子顯微鏡的拍攝，可以清楚地看出，這些奪命小鉤鉤在腕足上的細密排列，以及鉤鉤本身的精美構造。

---

The basket star Gorgoncephalus belongs to the Family Gorgonocephalidae, Order Phrynophiurida, Class Ophiuroidea, Phylum Echinodermata. Different from those of common brittle stars, the arms of this genus possess extremely complex branches, like Medusa’s hair, which makes it difficult to clearly make out the body disc. If a diver manages to touch the arms with gloved hands, the tips of the branches may break off and stick to the glove. The microstructure and spiny texture of the hooks make them effective tools for capturing food. With a scanning electron microscope (SEM), we can clearly see the dense arrangement of these hooks on the arm, as well as the delicate structure of the hook itself.

類別

水下與海洋

參賽者

李坤瑄

作品名稱

海膽的菊花：頂系 Sea Urchin Flowers: Apical System

科學圖說 Scientific introduction

海膽的頂系肩負著海膽生殖、排遺與運動等重要的生理功能。正型海膽的頂系，如同一朵美麗的五瓣花，隨著種類不同，具有各種不同的顏色與形狀。其中，環刺棘海膽的肛門更形成「肛乳突」的圓球形構造，在海中吸引水中攝影者的目光。而歪型海膽類大脆心形海膽的肛門，則離開體殼頂部的頂系，在身體側後方形成造型奇特的開口。

---

The apical system regulates major physiological functions, such as reproduction, excretion of waste and movement, of a sea urchin. On shells of regular sea urchins, the apical system appears as a beautiful five-petal flower-like structure, as shown in Image 1. Among different urchin species, there are differences in the shapes and colors of the apical system. Moreover, the banded sea urchin Echinothrix calamaris possesses a globular anal papilla above the apical system, which easily attracts the attention of underwater photographers. In the irregular sea urchin Linopneustes, the anus is not part of the apical system, but is instead located toward the posterior, forming an oddly shaped orifice.

類別

水下與海洋

參賽者

蘇俊育

作品名稱

香蕉藻民宿的房客：肯果柱狀海天牛 Guest in Banana Algae B&B: Ercolania kencolesi

科學圖說 Scientific introduction

這種海蛞蝓於2007年在蜥蜴島被發現，為了表彰長期贊助蜥蜴島研究站的 Ken Coles 先生，命名為「肯果柱狀海天牛」。其生態行為特殊，會在香蕉藻表面用齒舌鑽洞，然後進入藻類組織中，刮取吸食藻類細胞液，並將葉綠體原封不動地貯存在背上長條狀的露鰓中，像帶著太陽能行動電源，靠葉綠體行光合作用的能量生活。繁殖時，將卵團以逆時鐘螺旋形產在藻類組織壁上。卵於藻內孵化，藻體崩解後，浮游性幼蟲就被釋放出來。這類海蛞蝓高度依賴香蕉藻生存和繁殖。

---

This species of sea slug was discovered on Lizard Island in 2007, and named Ercolania kencolesi to honor Ken Coles for his long-term support of the Lizard Island Research Station. With its radula, this animal cuts open a hole in the banana algae and burrows itself into the algal tissue. Scraping the tissue, it sucks up cell fluid. Instead of being digested, the chloroplasts of the algae are transferred and stored intact in the long strip-like cerata on the slug’s back. As they undergo photosynthesis, these chloroplasts actually function like tiny solar batteries in the sea slug. During the reproductive period, E. kencolesi lays eggs in a counterclockwise spiral on the tissue wall inside the algae. As the algae frond dissolves, planktonic larvae are released. This species specifically relies on banana algae for reproduction and survival.

類別

水下與海洋

參賽者

蘇俊育

作品名稱

海草上的翡翠寶石 Emerald on Sea Grass

科學圖說 Scientific introduction

翡翠蜑螺的食衣住行都和海草緊密相連。翠綠且點綴白斑的殼色，在海草床中是良好的保護色。海草的葉片除了提供隱蔽性良好的立體棲息空間，也提供充足的食物來源。其利用齒突上大而銳利的側齒，穿刺刮破海草的纖維表皮吸取汁液。檢視海草葉片，會看到翡翠蜑螺產下的半圓形果凍狀卵塊，半透明卵塊裡有一顆顆的卵。當卵發育至披面幼蟲期後，會突破卵鞘進行浮游生活，直到著苗在下一片海草葉，重新開始新的生活。

---

The survival of the emerald nerite Smaragdia rangiana is closely linked to  sea grass. Its shell is emerald green with white dots, which provides great camouflage in sea grass beds. Sea grass leaves supply shelters and food. Smaragdia rangiana uses large, sharp teeth of the radula to puncture and scrape the fibrous surface of the grass leaf and suck the juice. Examining the leaf, the sea snail has produced a semicircular, jelly-like egg mass; the eggs are visible within the semi-transparent mass. When the larvae are sufficiently developed, they break through the egg cases and drift away. Once they find another grass leaf, they settle down and begin their new life.