類別

昆蟲與蜘蛛（昆蟲）

參賽者

林宗彥

作品名稱

胎生的白尾紅蚜 Viviparous Aphid (Uroleucon formosanum)

科學圖說 Scientific introduction

一般我們印象中的昆蟲大多是卵生，然後經過數次蛻皮後變態為成蟲。白尾紅蚜雖然常見，生殖行為卻很不一樣，可以孤雌生殖，而且是胎生。照片為白尾紅蚜正在生小寶寶，整隻小紅蚜直接從媽媽肚子裡生出來，樣子跟成蟲沒有太大差別。

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Most insects are oviparous which means they lay eggs. After molting several times, the immature insects undergo metamorphosis and emerge as adults. Although the aphid Uroleucon formosanum is common, it has a very different reproductive strategy. It is a parthenogenetic and viviparous insect, which means that a female can reproduce female offspring by giving birth to immature individuals directly, such as in this image. There is no large difference in external appearance between the immature insects and adult.

類別

昆蟲與蜘蛛（昆蟲）

參賽者

王露翊、許峰銓

作品名稱

拳打腳踢 Battle for Space

科學圖說 Scientific introduction

鞋斑無墊蜂俗稱青條花蜂，雄蜂在傍晚時群聚在枝頭上休息，利用特化的大顎牢牢地將自己固定在枝頭上。秋日黃昏在綠島過山古道漫步，本來想在天黑前下山，不料途中巧遇這群青條花蜂，愈看愈有趣。枝幹長長一條，花蜂們卻硬要搶末端位置停棲。爭先恐後下，還大打出手、拳打腳踢，只為能有一夜好眠。

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Male Amegilla calceifera bees congregate and rest on branches in the evening. They grasp the branch firmly using their specialized mandibles. One autumn day before sunset I was walking along the Cross Mountain Ancient Trail at dusk on Green Island. I planned to finish my hike before dark, but the interesting behavior of these bees stopped me. Although this branch is long with plenty of space, the bees were fighting for space on the branch tip. Rushing to be first and wrestling with one another, they each wanted to find a perfect spot for a good night’s sleep.

類別

昆蟲與蜘蛛（昆蟲）

參賽者

王露翊、許峰銓

作品名稱

生存法則 Survival Rules

科學圖說 Scientific introduction

螞蟻是世界上數量最多的昆蟲，也是典型的真社會性昆蟲。在一般人的眼光中是多麼微不足道，但其實牠們有很多有趣的行為。工蟻平常除了要出去尋找食物外，還必須要維護巢內的清潔。若巢內有垃圾、屍體或病原感染的個體，可是會影響到整個族群的健康！照片中是黑棘山蟻的工蟻，正用大顎拖著比自己體型還要大的雄蟻屍體到巢外丟棄。看似殘忍的行為，卻是維護巢內衛生的日常工作。

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Ants are the most abundant insects in the world. They are also eusocial insects. To most people, ants are small and insignificant. But, they have many interesting behaviors. For example, worker ants have to search for food, and maintain the cleanliness and health of the colony. If there is waste, or dead or infected individuals with a pathogen, this could harm the entire colony. In this photo, a worker weaver ant is seen dragging a body of male, which is larger in size, out of the nest with its mandibles. Although this seems quite cruel, it is routine in maintaining the hygiene of the nest.

類別

昆蟲與蜘蛛（昆蟲）

參賽者

范姜俊承

作品名稱

連夜搬家的臭巨山蟻 Ant Colony Moving at Night

科學圖說 Scientific introduction

螞蟻是典型的真社會性昆蟲，整個族群以費洛蒙（化學氣味分子）作為主要溝通的方法。過去我們都認為，蟻后所分泌的費洛蒙能主導整巢工蟻的行為，但近年來科學家發現，幼蟲所分泌的費洛蒙才是主導整巢工蟻行為的主因。幼蟲在飢餓時能分泌費洛蒙吸引工蟻前來餵食；在脫皮時則能吸引工蟻前來協助；在環境不良時更可影響整個巢進行搬家的動作。畫面中的臭巨山蟻正連夜搬運幼蟲們到新家。

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Ants are typical eusocial insects. A colony communicates through pheromones (odor molecules). We used to believe that the pheromones from the queen directed the actions of the workers. Lately, scientists have discovered that it is the pheromones secreted by the larvae that affect worker ant behavior. When larvae are in a state of hunger, they release pheromones to which worker ants respond by feeding them. During molting, they attract the worker ants to provide assistance. When the environment is not ideal, they can influence the entire colony to move. In this image, a colony of Camponotus habereri is in the process of moving larvae to their new home at night.

類別

昆蟲與蜘蛛（昆蟲）

參賽者

范又方

作品名稱

捉迷藏 Hide-and-Seek

科學圖說 Scientific introduction

一隻螳螂若蟲在葉間穿梭，當牠停下來緊盯遠方時，有隻黃盾背椿悄悄躲藏在葉子下。掠食者（螳螂）與獵物（椿象）身處同一片葉子，一個正大步行走，一個則默默停棲，截然不同的氛圍形成有趣的對比。

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A praying mantis nymph shuttles among the leaves. It stops on top of one leaf and gazes fixedly into the distance. A shield bug is hiding under the same leaf. The predator (praying mantis) and the prey (shield bug) are on the same leaf. One is moving with large strides and the other is quiet and motionless. Their different behaviors create a tense yet interesting contrast.

類別

昆蟲與蜘蛛（昆蟲）

參賽者

廖啟淳

作品名稱

剖析殺手 Anatomy of a Praying Mantis

科學圖說 Scientific introduction

去除六足的寬腹螳螂雌蟲消化道解剖圖。昆蟲消化道分為取入食物的前腸、消化食物的中腸和營養吸收代謝的後腸。不同種的昆蟲，其內部構造也有各種變化。肉食性的螳螂會將獵物咬碎並吞入，獵物有時體型大且無法隨時獲得食物，可藉由發達的前腸儲存攝入的大量食物。圖由左而右分別為細長的食道、球狀膨大的嗉囊、不發達的中後腸，腹部末端黃色成對的是卵巢、藍色管狀的生殖副腺和白色球狀的受精囊，周圍則是散落的肌肉及脂肪組織。

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This is the digestive system of a female praying mantis (Hierodula patellifera). The alimentary canal  consists of the foregut (food intake), midgut (digestion of food) and hindgut (absorption and metabolism of nutrients) with variations in the internal structures among different species. The carnivorous praying mantis breaks up its prey into pieces before swallowing it. Some of the pieces may be stored in the foregut. From left to right are the long esophagus, inflated sphere-shaped crop, and the undeveloped midgut & hindgut. At the end of the abdomen are yellow ovaries, blue tube-shaped reproductive accessory glands and white spherical spermatheca. These organs are surrounded by muscle and fatty tissue.